Patient Rights [Right to Information] (1) Physicians or their qualified assistants are required to provide adequate information about your illness, its diagnosis (provisional or confirmed, as it may be), proposed investigation and possible complications to the patient. If the patient is not in a state to understand this, the physician or their assistant is required to provide the information to the caretaker. (2) This has to be done in a simple language that the patient or caretaker will understand. (3) Apart from this, patients have the right to know the identity and professional status of every doctor and assistant as well as the primary doctor who is treating them. (4) Information regarding costs of treatment needs to be given in writing. [Right to Records and Reports] (1) Patients or their respective caretakers have the right to access the originals or copies of case papers, indoor patient records and investigation reports. Investigation reports have to be made available to them within 24 hours of admission or 72 hours of discharge. (2) The hospital is responsible for providing a discharge summary or a death summary, in the case of a death, to the caretakers or kin of the patient with original copies of investigations. [Right to Emergency Medical Care] In an emergency situation, you can avail medical care in any government or private hospital. Under Article 21 of the Constitution, which ensures that every person has the right to life and personal liberty, you have the right to prompt emergency care by doctors without compromise on quality or safety and without having to pay full or an advanced fee to the hospital. [Right to Informed Consent] If a hospital decides upon carrying an invasive investigation or surgery or chemotherapy on a patient, they require to do so after completing an appropriate policy procedure. The doctor primarily in charge of a patient has to explain the risks, consequences and procedure of the investigation or surgery in detail and a simple language before providing the protocol consent form to the patient or to the responsible caretaker. [Right to Confidentiality, Human Dignity and Privacy] (1) Now this one is a fairly known right, especially if you follow TV shows about hospitals or doctors. The code of ethics dictates doctors to hold information about the illness and treatment plan for the patient in strict confidentiality from everyone except the patient and their caretakers. (2) Unless it is an exceptional case where sharing this information is “in the interest of protecting other or due to public health considerations.” (3) In the case of a female patient, she has the right to demand the presence of another woman if the medical practitioner checking or treating her is male. Having said this, the hospital is responsible for upholding the dignity of every patient, irrespective of their gender. [Right to Non-discrimination] (1) The above point brings us to the rights of a patient being upheld without discrimination based on their illness, condition, HIV status or on their gender, age, religion, caste, ethnicity, sexual orientation, linguistic or geographical or social origins. (2) Based on the above characteristics, no person can be subjected to discriminatory treatment, and the staff of the hospital is responsible for ensuring this. [Right to Standards in Safety & Quality Care] Here is a brief list of provisions that come under the list of quality care standards- Safety and security. Cleanliness, infection control measures and sanitation facilities and safe drinking water. Healthcare that abides by the latest standards, norms and guidelines under the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals (NABH ) . To be attended to, treated and cared for in a professional manner and with the principles of medical ethics. Right to seek redressal by patient or caretakers. [Right to Choose Alternative Treatment Options] Hospital staff and doctors are responsible for clarifying all treatment options to the patient/caretakers. After a thorough study of their choices, the patient/caretakers can choose to opt for a treatment that may or may not be the doctor’s primary recommendation. This also means that once the patient/caretakers choose this alternative treatment, they will shoulder the responsibility of its consequences. [Right to a Second Opinion] (1) Doctors and the hospital must respect your decision if you choose to seek a second opinion from a doctor/hospital of your choice. They are responsible for handing over all record documents and other relevant information should you choose to approach a different doctor. The hospital can neither stop you nor discourage you from going elsewhere, only give a detailed explanation of the health condition and repercussions in case of delay in treatment. (2) In case you choose to come back to the first hospital after getting your second opinion, the hospital still cannot compromise on the quality of healthcare services. [Right to Transparency in Rates and Care] (1) As mentioned above, the patient has the right to have a written account of the costs they will have to bear for the treatment they are receiving. As evidence for this, hospitals are required to have printed brochures and prominent display boards bearing the names and rates of medical procedures that are available with them. Detailed schedules of key rates need to be displayed in conspicuous places and need to be in both, English as well as the local language. (2) Patients have the right to get medicines, devices and implants at rates decided by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA ) and other relevant authorities. Patients have the right to receive health care services that cost within the range prescribed by the Central and State governments, at the time of receiving it. [Right to Choose the Source for Obtaining Medicines or Tests] As a patient or a caretaker, you have the right to choose which registered pharmacy you wish to buy your medical supplies from. This also includes getting an investigation procedure (like a blood test, for example) from any diagnostic centre or laboratory registered under the National Accreditation Board for Laboratories (NABL ) . [Right to proper referral and transfer, which is free from perverse commercial influences] (1) If a patient must be transferred from one healthcare centre to another, a proper and detailed justification must be given to them/caretakers along with various options of the new healthcare centre. They must also be given a list of treatments/medicines that need to be continued after the transfer. This step cannot be taken unless the patient or their caretaker accept it. (2) Needless to say, these decisions cannot be influenced by reasons like “kickbacks, commissions, incentives, or other perverse business practices.” [Right to Patient Protection involved in clinical trials] According to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), “All clinical trials must be conducted in compliance with the protocols and Good Clinical Practice Guidelines issued by Services, Govt. of India as well as all applicable statutory provisions of Amended Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945 Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation, Directorate General of Health.” These points include consent by the patient, written prescription of drugs or intervention, privacy etc. You can read in detail about the guidelines here . [Right to Protection of Participants involved in Biomedical and Health Research] (1) In case a patient is involved in a biomedical or health research procedure, their consent needs to be taken in a written format. Their right to dignity, privacy and confidentiality needs to be upheld even during the research. If the participant suffers direct physical, psychological, social, legal or economic harm, they are eligible for financial or other assistance by the hospital. (2) Whatever benefits the hospital gets from the research must be made available to relevant individuals, communities and the general population. [Right to be Discharged, Right to Receive the Body of a Deceased Person] “A patient has the right to be discharged and cannot be detained in a hospital, on procedural grounds such as [a] dispute in payment of hospital charges. Similarly, caretakers have the right to the dead body of a patient who had been treated in a hospital, and the dead body cannot be detailed on procedural grounds, including non-payment/dispute regarding payment of hospital charges against wishes of the caretakers,” says the MoHFW. [Right to Patient Education] Here is a list of things that a patient needs to be informed about by the hospital. These need to be addressed in the language that the patient/caretaker understands. Major facts about their condition Healthy living practices Their rights and responsibilities Health insurance schemes relevant to them Relevant entitlements (for charitable hospitals) How to seek redressal of grievances [Right to be heard and seek redressal] Last but not the least, every patient has the right to address his grievances and give feedback about the healthcare and treatment they received at the hospital or from a particular doctor/assistant. The MoHFW further adds, “Patients and caregivers have the right to seek redressal in case they are aggrieved, on account of infringement of any of the above-mentioned rights in this charter. This may be done by lodging a complaint with an official designated for this purpose by the hospital/healthcare provider and further with an official mechanism constituted by the government such as Patients’ rights Tribunal Forum or Clinical establishments regulatory authority as the case may be.

Legal Rights No women can be arrested between 6:00 PM & 6:00 AM. (CrPC section 46). A police officer CANNOT refuse to lodge an FIR. If he/she refuses so, they could be jailed for up to 6 months to 1 year. (IPC section 166A). A police officer is ALWAYS on duty whether (or not) he/she is wearing a uniform. (Police Act, 1861) A police officer CANNOT say that he/she is NOT on duty while you visit him/her to file a complaint. (Police Act, 1861) Only women constable or women police official can arrest a woman. Male constables have NO right to arrest a woman. (CrPC, 1973) In case of a serious crime in which a woman is accused, a male police officer CAN arrest a woman ONLY after the receipt of written order from the Magistrate. (CrPC, 1973). A person can seek Anticipatory bail in case of expectation of being named or accused of having committed a Non-bailable offence. (CrPC, Section 438) To get anticipatory bail, a person must approach the Sessions Court (or) the High Court and disclose a proper reason citing section 438. If the court sees merit in the petition, it grants an anticipatory bail. A Hindu married couple CANNOT register a divorce petition with-in a year of marriage (Section 14 of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955). However, if the high court feels that the petitioner is experiencing immense problems, then, the judge can permit the petitioner to file for divorce. Article 20 (2) of the constitution mandates that a person cannot be prosecuted or punished twice for the same offence. A police CANNOT conduct any search in a person’s house WITHOUT a search warrant (CrPC, Section 93). A Search Warrant should clearly and specifically mention the document (or) the thing which is being searched for, date, time and place of search along with any other relevant details. A police CANNOT simply take away your phone or personal computer for scrutiny WITHOUT a proper & specific search warrant allowing them to scrutinize personal belongings. NO magistrate other than a District Magistrate (or) a Chief Judicial Magistrate can issue a search warrant. Search and seizure of documents or things should be made in compliance with the provisions of Section 100 of CrPC. Police must search the house in the presence of the Owner of the home/office. The owner CANNOT be asked to leave while the search is taking place. If police take/seize any object from the property after their search, they must make a list of articles seized. The owner, at least 2 independent witnesses and the Police officer must verify the list and then sign. A copy of the list of articles that the police are taking must be given to the owner of the house/office. Illegal detention of a person is a serious offence. A police should formally arrest a person before taking him/her into custody. If the police summon someone for questioning, they must conduct the interview promptly and efficiently. The police cannot make someone wait endlessly at the police station and in such circumstances; the person is free to leave whenever they want. If you are aware that a police officer is illegally detaining a person, you can complain about the offending officer to his senior or to a magistrate. the arrested or detained individual's lawyer to go immediately to the High Court or the Supreme Court and file a ‘Habeas Corpus' petition seeking the person’s immediate release. A woman who has been taken into custody has to be kept in a separate lock up in the police station and any examination or body search must be conducted by a woman officer or doctor. According to the general law, children under the age of 7 years cannot be accused of a crime, hence cannot be taken into police custody. The procedure for questioning, apprehension, custody, release and bail of children up to the age of 18 is all governed by the Juvenile Justice Care and Protection of Children Act of 2002. JJCPCA, 2002 states that each police station must have a juvenile police unit with specially trained officers. A child must not be kept in lockup at all, but instead must be immediately handed back to the parents on bail and assurances. If the parents are not available, or it is felt that the child is at risk of falling into bad company then the child must be sent to the local observation home till he/she is brought before the juvenile court. It is illegal for the police to slap, beat, threaten, intimidate or torture any person who is being held in custody. Policemen can be removed from service and can also go to jail for doing this. The police are responsible for the wellbeing and safety of an arrested person. If anyone suspects torture of a person who is in police custody, they can report it to the National or State Human Rights Commission, to a magistrate or to the Legal Services Authority. The matter can also be taken directly to the High Court or Supreme Court. It is also against the law for the police to force an individual into making a confession. The police have the right to interrogate an individual but they cannot strong-arm one to say anything that he/she has no knowledge of or to confess to some crime that he/she has not committed. Under any circumstance and in any case, a confession that is made to a police officer is not admissible in court. A confession is only valid if it made to or before a magistrate. No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself/herself. (Article 20(3) of Indian Constitution). Steps to be followed while taking an individual into the custody. An Arrest Memo must be made by the police either at the time of arrest or the instant the suspect is brought into the police station. A family member or friend of the arrested person must be informed, by the police, of the arrest and the location that the police are holding the person at. An Inspection Memo detailing the physical condition of the arrested person on his/her arrival into custody must be prepared by the police. Legal representation for the arrested individual must be provided. The police must present the arrested individual before a magistrate within 24 hours of the arrest. The police cannot take anyone into custody and hold them at a secret location. As soon as the police make an arrest they have to do prepare an Arrest Memo and send that to the local magistrate. 35. Once an FIR has been filed the police are legally bound to start investigating the case. Once the investigation has been concluded the police will record all their findings in a ‘Challan’ or charge sheet. If it is deemed that there is enough proof on the charge sheet the case goes to court. 36. For any reason If the police decide to close the case, they are bound to inform the person who filed the FIR of their decision. 37. When an FIR is registered and written down by the police it is done in triplicate. One copy remains with the police and is filed in their FIR register, the second copy goes to the magistrate and the third should be handed over to the person who filed the FIR. 38. One must insist on getting a copy of the FIR immediately as it is the proof of the FIR having been registered. The copy is to be provided free of cost by the police. 39. An FIR can only be filed for a cognizable crime. 40. In the event someone is trying to file an FIR for a crime that falls in the non-cognizable category it is the duty of the police to listen to them, enter the matter in their daily register or dairy, give the person a signed copy of the entry made (as proof of the matter being recorded) and direct them to the closest or appropriate magistrate. 41. The signed copy of the entry made by the police is free of cost and is a right to receive.

About Indian Constitution and it's values. CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PREAMBLE We, the People of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. Our Constitution has... 449 ARTICLES 5 APPENDICES 25 PARTS 106 AMENDMENTS 12 SCHEDULES 1,45,000 + WORDS A MUST READ ( Basic knowledge every CITIZEN must possess) Fundamental Rights MORE Fundamental Rights Know more > Fundamental Duties Fundamental Duties Know more > Directive Principles MORE Directive Principles Know more > Union List Union List Know more > State List State List Know more > Concurrent List Concurrent List Know more > Panchayat List Panchayat List Know more > Municipality List Municipality List Know more > Download Constitution of India (in English) here Download Constitution of India (in other languages) here

Fundamental Duties "Duties came before Rights. The exercise of Rights implies the exercise of Duties" [Article 51A] It shall be the duty of every citizen of India — (1) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (2) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (3) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (4) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (5) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (6) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (7) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures; (8) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (9) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (10) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement; (11) Who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

Employee Rights

Education Switching from bi-focused (IQ & LQ) learning approach to quad-focused (IQ, LQ, EQ & SQ) learning approach. Trimester methodology at all primary and secondary education levels. Mandatory career counselling at all secondary, higher secondary schools/intermediate & undergraduate degree colleges. Standardised framework for qualification & appointment of teachers and adopt scientific ways of assessing their performance. Reforms related to comprehensive student testing methodologies to evaluate core cognitive capabilities. Spiritual Education to be made apart of formal education system. (Note: Spiritual education doesn't mean religious education) Amendments to RTE to grant State & Local governments more power and designated role in affairs of school management and Fee regulation. Mandatory teaching of Constitutional values as a part of academics. Work towards solving fee reimbursement issues. Work towards improving the quality of tertiary education across India. Work towards establishing a regulatory framework for religious education.

Data Reforms Working towards establishing a "National Personal & Digital Data Commission" with complete constitutional authority to deal with all digital data affairs both at National, State and District level. Union Government’s authority over UIDAI & AADHAAR data and any other type of personal data should be revoked and transferred to the National Personal & Digital Data Commission. All the current state level digital data boards shall be brought under the ambit of the National Personal & Digital Data Commission to remove State Government’s intervention.

Commentaries by Key Experts across different fields on various issues and topics of human interest. Our Work This is your Project Page. It's a great opportunity to help visitors understand the context and background of your latest work. Double click on the text box to start editing your content and make sure to add all the relevant details you want to share. 01 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 02 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 03 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start. 04 Project Name This is your Project description. Provide a brief summary to help visitors understand the context and background of your work. Click on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start.

Consumer Rights

Press Release statements. Press Releases [13th July 2024] CRFHGR submitted its recommendations on NTA Reforms to the High-Power Committee appointed by the Indian Government [17th December 2024] CRFHGR expresses in-principal support of One Nation, One Election and seeks to usher in many pending new-age democratic politico-electoral reforms crucial to maturity of Indian polity and society [25th April 2025] CRFHGR submitted a Written Representation to Parliamentary Defence Committee on the need to expedite all the pending recruitments in Indian Army and do a holistic review of India's current security apparatus amidst Pahalgam Hindu Massacre [30th April 2025] CRFHGR submitted Written Representations to our Hon'ble Speaker of Lok Sabha & Hon'ble Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs requesting them to convene a Special Parliamentary Sitting to discuss and express solidarity in view of Pahalgam Hindu Massacre [30th April 2025] CRFHGR expresses in-principal support to Union Cabinet's decision to hold Caste Census in the upcoming Decennial Census Enumeration exercise [7th May 2025] CRFHGR salutes Indian Defence, Intelligence & Security Forces for successful conduct of Operation Sindoor avenging Pahalgam Hindu Massacre [11th May 2025] CRFHGR endorses the Ceasefire Understanding between India & Pakistan to halt all military action in the aftermath of Operation Sindoor [12th May 2025] CRFHGR condemns attacks and abuses against our Hon'ble Foreign Secretary Mr. Vikram Misri & his Family [13th Jun 2025] CRFHGR mourns for the departed souls and expresses condolences to their bereaved families of the Ahmedabad Air India Boeing Aircraft crash incident. In addition, CRFHGR demands immediate grounding of all Boeing Aircrafts from commercial passenger fleet across India .

Sitemap

Municipality List 1. Urban planning including town planning. 2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings. 3. Planning for economic and social development. 4. Roads and bridges. 5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. 6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management. 7. Fire services. 8. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects. 9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded. 10. Slum improvement and upgradation. 11. Urban poverty alleviation. 12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds. 13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects. 14. Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds; and electric crematoriums. 15. Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals. 16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths. 17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences. 18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.